The osteoarthritis of the hip joint (Coksartrose) is a gradual chronic and progressive disease, in the absence of treatment in a timely and appropriate manner, it can lead to a complete movement of movement.The end suggests that not an inflammatory process, but a degenerative process prevails.
The symptoms of this disease differ depending on the scene.At the very beginning, it is hardly a noticeable discomfort that occurs during walking and physical exercises.Perhaps the manifestation in the form of low pain in the thigh, which at rest passes.In this case, the pain can be felt not only in the thigh, but also in the groin or in the knee.
As a rule, coxarthrosis is a process that leaks for many years, characterized by a progressive change in cartilage, followed by bone deformation and loss of joint functionality.Mainly affecting people after 40 years, but very young patients are also found.
Causes
Why does the hip joint articulation occur and what is it?The causes of coxarthrosis can be different, but the image of the disease is always the same.It all starts with changes in the articular cartilage, which is thinner and loses the property of the amortization of the loads.The body compensates for the stratification of the cartilage fabric by the formation of bone growth along the edge of joint surfaces, which leads to the deformation of the joints and bones of various degrees.
The main causes of this joint disease:
- Wounds.This cause may not be a major injury, but in many cases, chronic microtraumas affect the development of the disease that contributes to cracking and slimming cartilage.They also affect the anxiety of the joint capsule, leading to the accumulation of many damage.Often, repeated microtraumas are the precursor of the appearance of such a disease.
- Excessive chargesleading to systematic microtraums, as well as joint injuries.Most often, this is in people involved in heavy physical work or professional athletes.In this case, treatment without change in lifestyle or load load is also ineffective and is often accompanied by relapses.
- Hereditary predisposition.This includes anomalies in the development of the femoral head itself, the underdevelopment of joint elements, etc.In this case, the so-called dysplastic osteoarthritis of the hip joint occurs.
- Diseases.For example, arthritis, in the absence of appropriate treatment, can degenerate in osteoarthritis over time.This is due to the fact that during arthritis, the properties of the change of cartilaginous tissue, a circulatory disturbance occurs.Little by little, this leads to the development of a degenerative process.
- Excess body weight.Excess body weight, even on the move, has a charge on the joints exceeding their physiological limits of force.
Depending on the cause of the development of the disease and its pathogenesis, 2 main types of osteoarthritis in the hip joint are distinguished.
- Primary coksartrosis.In this case, the disease develops very slowly and begins with an alteration of the blood supply to the tissues.The reasons for the development of this type of osteoarthritis are rooted in the violation of metabolism, which is more characteristic of people over 50.Primary osteoarthritis of the hip joint is most commonly diagnosed.
- Secondary coksartrosis.In this case, the disease develops in the context of a systemic inflammatory lesion of many joints in the body.Inflammation can be both infectious and autoimmune.
At the initial stage of patient coksartrosis, only a slight pain or a feeling of discomfort in the joint area is worried.Often these signs are ignored, following which the disease progresses.
Symptoms of osteoarthritis of the hip joint
Coksartrose of hip joint, whose symptoms cannot be ignored, can lead to serious consequences.There are several basic signs of the disease depending on the stage of the disease:
- Pain in the joint is the most obvious symptom by which any TBS disease can be supposed.The intensity and nature of the sensations generally depends on the scene.
- Limiting member mobility is also a symptom of coxarthrosis.For the early stage, the feeling of the "constraint" of the joint, which passes after a load, is characteristic.
- A weakening of the hip muscles can already be observed in the second stage of the disease, reaching the third to finish atrophy.
- Changing the length of the leg due to the deformation of the basin is characteristic of "neglected" osteoarthritis.
- The lame or the change of approach is a very likely sign of bone deformation.
- A distinct crunch in the joint is far from always a sign of osteoarthritis.Generally taken into account if there are other symptoms.
The main characteristic of coxarthrosis is pain, whose nature, duration, location and intensity depend on the stage of the disease.
Osteoarthritis of the 1st degree hip joint
This stage of the disease is characterized by pain in the joint and the thigh, sometimes in the knee which occurs after physical activity and calm after rest.The mobility of the joint is not limited and there are no violations of the march.
The 1st degree coksartrose is the initial stage of the disease, starting the treatment of which you can always stop the process of destruction and deformation of the joint and preserve its functions in full.But, unfortunately, many do not consider it necessary to see a doctor because of the low pain in the joint, and the disease, on the other hand, progresses.
Osteoarthritis of the hip joint 2 degrees
It manifests itself more clearly - the intensity of the pain increases, it occurs not only after the load, but also at rest, there is a limitation of motor functions.In particular, coksartrosis is characterized by difficulties in carrying out the pronation (rotation of the thigh inwards) and the abduction, the contracture is formed.
In an examination of X -rays, we see a narrowing of joint space and the appearance on the surfaces of bone growth.The swivel cavity and the femoral head are distorted.The thigh muscles on the side of the lesion start to atrophy, and pain syndrome is spread below, capturing both the knee joint and the inguinal region (it is important to understand that this will not be accompanied by dystrophic changes in the knee joint).
Osteoarthritis of the 3 degree hip joint
The signs of the disease are pronounced and are constant.Pain syndrome exceeds night.By walking, the patient uses support.The muscles of the lower leg and hips are gradually atrophy, and the sick leg of the sick person becomes very short.
Often, in the 3rd degree, the joint gap completely disappears and the joints turn together into a single bone structure, which demonstrates an image.Consequently, the complete immobility of the joint occurs.
The radiographs determine the extensive bone growth on the side of the roof of the pivot and the head of the femur, a net narrowing of the joint deviation.The femoral neck is considerably extended and shortened.
Diagnosis
Before discovering how to treat osteoarthritis of the hip joint, it is necessary to make a diagnosis correctly.In the event of a suspicion of Coksartrose, a person will aim to carry out a biochemical blood test - in the presence of a disease, patients have a slight increase in ESR, globulins, immunoglobulins and serucids.
The next stage in osteoarthritis detection is a photo of X -rays.He will identify:
- Taste the cartilage,
- Bone growth at the cartilage border,
- narrowing of the distance between the joints,
- Compacting the bone tissue under cartilage.
Unfortunately, a photo of X-ray does not allow the joint capsule and the cartilage itself, if you need to obtain information on these soft tissues, the patient will be directed towards tomography.
Treatment of hip joint osteoarthritis
With osteoarthritis diagnosed with the hip joint, treatment will depend directly on the stage to which the disease is located.The general processing program provides for the following objectives:
- Eliminate pain and discomfort in the painful joint area;
- To establish the nutrition of intra-articular cartilage and start the process of its restoration;
- eliminate intra-articular liquid deficiency;
- activate microcirculation in joint tissues;
- eliminate the increase in load on the hip joint;
- strengthen the muscles that surround, protect and maintain the joints;
- Prevent deformation and increase mobility in the thigh joint.
All this can only be achieved using an integrated approach, which should include not only drug treatment, but also a lifestyle change in order to get rid of risk factors for coxarthrosis.
- In the third stage of the disease, treatment involves surgery, during which the joint is replaced by endoprosthisisse, while part of the prosthesis is imprisoned in the femur and part in the pelvian.The operation is quite complicated, long in time and requires a long period of rehabilitation.
- With a degree of osteoarthritis I and II of the hip joint, the treatment is carried out without surgical intervention.Used: non -steroidal anti -inflammatory drugs, muscle relaxing, chondroprotectors, vasodilating drugs, hormonal steroid drugs, local drugs - ointments, lotions, tablets.
All these drugs are prescribed exclusively by the attending physician.Some of them are effective in the form of injections directly to the affected joint region.These injections can only be carried out by qualified medical staff.Consequently, self-medication is not strictly recommended.
Non -drug methods
In addition to the use of drugs, doctors recommend non -drug methods to combat the disease.These include the following methods of processing this disease:
- physiotherapy;
- massage;
- joint reproduction;
- diet.
Physiotherapy used for osteoarthritis includes the following types of treatment:
- magnetotherapy;
- UHF and ultrasound therapy;
- aeroion and electrotherapy;
- inductothermia;
- phototherapy;
- The use of laser technology.
All of these methods can only be used to improve the blood supply of the joints and relieve spasms.
Pharmacotherapy
The combined treatment of hip osteoarthritis provides for the appointment of the following groups of drugs:
- Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, they all eliminate pain, relieve inflammatory processes, but do not restore the tissues from the cartilage.
- Chondroprotector.Preparation of the nutrition of the cartilage fabric.Accelerate its restoration.Important in 1.2 osteoarthritis treatment phase.With 3 degrees of illness, cartilage is already destroyed, these drugs will be useless.You have to take drugs for a long time, take a few lessons.
- MusoryEliminate muscle cramps in the area of painful joints, contribute to improving the supply of tissue blood.
- UNGUENTS AND CRUES.Therapeutic ointments must alleviate the condition of a sick person, but do not contribute to a complete recovery.The warming ointments are well suited.They irritate skin receptors and because of this, they reduce pain syndrome.The warming of ointments also works to restore increased blood circulation in the tissues and muscles around the sick joint.
- Steroid injections in the joint cavity, injections of these drugs are prescribed to relieve exacerbation of the disease and eliminate intense pain.
- Vasodilators, widen the ships inside the joint cavity and near it, thus improving the delivery of the nutrients necessary to restore the tissues.
There is no need to count on folk treatment remedies.But some healers recommend the lemon, garlic or celery root dye for the treatment of joints and bones.
Massage in the treatment of coxarthrosis
With distorting osteoarthritis of the hip joint, treatment with massage gives good results.Coxarthrosis massage is a very effective and useful method.It is desirable that massage be carried out by a good specialist and as often as possible.
Its effect aims to improve blood circulation, strengthen muscles, eliminate painful spasm, swelling and muscle tension, as well as an increase in diastasy between the joint joints.
In the absence of a professional massage therapist, massage can be done yourself.Massage with osteoarthritis can be done both manually and using various massage devices and even water jets (hydrokinesotherapy).
Gymnastics
The treatment of osteoarthritis of the hip joint with physical education lies in carrying out two tasks: increase the mobility of the legs and prevent muscle atrophy.All standard LFK complexes for coksartrosis also have a general strengthening nature and a positive effect on the whole organism.
The gymnastic exercise complex is prescribed by a specialist.The first pair of medical physical education should take place under the supervision of a doctor.It will show how to properly carry out each movement and also control the appropriate load on the hip joints.
Diet
Main recommendations:
- Give a preference to porridge on the water.
- Use a sufficient amount of animal protein: fish (except salty), poultry meat, beef.
- Use at least 5 portions of vegetables per day (part - 100 grams, can be used as an accompaniment).
- Mandatory dairy products: cottage cheese, yogurt, fermented.
- Exclude alcohol, coffee, strong black tea.
- Exclude soft flour.
- Eat a little, but often.
The diet will reduce the load on the hip joints and provide them with everything necessary to restore the tissues.